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| Comparison of Two Diets to Prevent Reoccurrence of Kidney Stones |
By:
JamesDav |
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Recurrence of kidney stones has been attributed to uncontrolled Hypercalcuria, which is an excessive amount of calcium in the urine. Thiazides have been known to help but initial attempts to decrease Hypercalcuria must be dietary modifications. These would be recommended by your renal dietitian. However, here I take the opportunity to present a comparison between two diets. There is little data to prove the efficacy of a low-calcium diet to prevent kidney stones. In fact, there have been cases in which a low calcium diet has shown the adverse influences such as osteoporosis. In fact there are short-term studies that prove the exact opposite in men as well as women. The comparison, therefore, is between a low-calcium diet and a diet containing normal amounts of calcium with a reduction of animal protein and salt.
The following requirements were the pre-requisites to make men eligible as participants in the study. Idiopathic Hypercalcuria on an unrestricted diet, recurrence of kidney stones, no previous visit to a stone disease center, and no current treatment for the prevention of recurrent stones except increased intake of water and residency of Parma, Italy were the necessary factors to be a part of this diet comparison study. In addition, ultrasound and radiological studies were conducted over a period of three months to ensure the eligibility of each participant. After the clinical evaluation the subjects were provided detailed information about the purpose of the trial which was to discover the effectiveness of diets in the prevention of kidney stones.
The men were assigned to two groups with two dietary regimens on a random-number basis. Milk, yoghurt and cheese were excluded from the diets of men assigned to low-calcium diets. They were also advised to avoid oxalate rich food. The men belonging to the other dietary regimen were guided to consume a low-protein, low-oxalate, and low-salt diet with a normal to high intake of calcium.
During the course of the study, subjects were removed from trial on the basis of certain factors. These factors include recurrence of a stone or patients who were treated with thiazides and Allopurinol for other medical conditions such as gout or hypertension. Meanwhile changes in calcium and oxalate excretion were closely mapped.
Out of 120 men enrolled for the study, 17 could not complete it because of different reasons. Twenty-three of the 60 men on the low-calcium diet and 12 of the 60 on the normal-calcium, low-protein, and low-salt diet had recurrences. The incidence of recurrent stones differed significantly between the two groups only late in the follow-up period. Thus, this study revealed that a low-calcium diet is less effective than a low protein and low salt diet to prevent kidney stones.
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